목적: Most studies of adaptive immunity focus on peripheral blood, which may not fully reflect immune responses at the site of infection and memory T and B cells dynamics are less well evaluated in the upper respiratory tract. Here, we characterized the frequencies of adaptive immune cells, especially memory T and B cells in human nasal mucosa (NM) and nasopharynx (NP). 방법:NM was obtained at middle turbinate and NP lymphoid tissue was sampled using cotton swabs in healthy volunteers (N=24). The dynamics of adaptive immune cells including memory T (CD4+, CD8+) and B (CD19+) cells were determined using flow cytometry and Bulk RNA sequencing. 결과:We estimated that the NP tissue had a unique structure similar to that of a lymph node including respiratory epithelium, germinal center, T cell zones, that were not found in nasal mucosa except respiratory epithelium. The mean population of CD4+ T and CD19+ B cells were significantly higher in the NM than NP lymphoid tissue. The higher frequencies of CD8+ T cells were characteristics in the NM. On average 86.4% and 84.9% of circulating memory CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were effector T cells (CD45RA- CCR7-). The distribution of CD4+ and CD8+ effector T cells was not different between NP and NM but the frequency of Tfh cells was higher in NP. The FACS data showed the dynamics of CD69+ tissue-resident memory T and B cells. Both frequencies of CD69+ CD4+ T cells (CD4+ TRM) but CD8+ TRM was significantly elevated in NM. CD69+ BRM and GC cells were significantly higher in the NP than NM and plasmablast was highly distributed in nasal mucosa. 결론:We provide an in-depth analysis of adaptive immune cells in NM and NP lymphoid tissues and our data showed that the subtypes of CD4+ T and CD19+ B cells was higher in the NP and CD8+ T cell-responsive immune responses might be more distinctive in human NM. The study also provides research evidence for determining the delivery location of mucosal vaccines and viral immunotherapies.