목적: Tracheal defects are a significant medical challenge affecting both newborns and patients with prolonged intubation, with traditional surgical approaches being limited to smaller defects under 6 cm. Recent advances in tissue engineering, particularly the combination of 3D-printed scaffolds with regenerative cells like human nasal turbinate stem cells and septal chondrocytes, offer a promising alternative solution for larger defects, though challenges with post- transplant airway occlusion remain. 방법:This study presents the first clinical application of a patient- customized 3D-cellprinted tracheal graft. A 52-year-old female with papillary thyroid carcinoma and tracheal invasion underwent reconstruction using a graft integrating human nasal turbinate stem cells and nasal septal chondrocytes. The surgical procedure involved en bloc resection of the tracheal wall lesion, creating an 11x4mm window. The graft was secured with overlay suturing and covered with a sternocleidomastoid muscle rotational flap. The recipient experienced an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged on the sixth day. 결과:At the 2-month mark, rigid bronchoscopy unveiled unimpeded airway patency with elevated mucosal lining along the graft margin. Bronchoscopy at 6-month post operation depicted fully healed mucosa and increased vascularity. By the 1-year mark, the graft's outer contour had merged with the surrounding tissue, indicating successful graft integration. A CT scan performed at 1 month and 1 year postoperatively revealed the inner patency of the airway remained unaltered. 결론:This clinical trial marks a significant milestone as the world's first researcher-led successful application of adult stem cells and cell-based patient-specific 3D cell printing for artificial tissue and organ transplantation.