목적: This study aimed to investigate the impact of various clinical data on the rapid recurrence of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and develop prediction models using various combinations of data. 방법:The 944 OSCC patients were divided into two groups based on the timing of recurrence: the rapid recurrence group (RRG, N=89) and the non-rapid or no-recurrence group (NRRG, N=855). Treatment-related data were collected and analyzed to identify risk factors for overall survival (OS) and rapid recurrence. The logistic regression-based prediction model was developed to identify the possibility of rapid recurrence, and the validation was performed using a 10-fold cross-validation and leave- group-out cross-validation. 결과:Significantly lower OS rates were identified regarding increasing age, T3-4 and N1-3 stages, higher preoperative elevated positron emission tomography standardized uptake value (PET SUV)max, and rapid recurrence. Analyzed with 89 RRG patients, T2-4 and N3 stages, positive resection margin, and higher PET SUVmax were revealed as significant predictors of rapid recurrence, whereas postoperative chemoradiation was shown as a preventative factor. 결론:Our findings demonstrate poorer oncologic outcomes of rapid recurrence in OSCC with distinct differences in OS and provide a prediction model for identifying high-risk patients for rapid recurrence.