목적: Sublingual immunotherapy has been considered to be a safe and effective therapeutic treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of sublingual or subcutaneous immunotherapy (SLIT or SCIT) in early life of mice before sensitizing allergen. 방법:Forty BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: group 1 (control mice), group 2 (AR mice using house dust mite), group 3 (creating AR after SCIT), and group 4 (creating AR after SLIT). Nasal symptom scores including rubbing and sneezing were measured. The levels of cytokines in the nasal lavage fluid (NLF) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), and the concentration of immunoglobulins in the blood serum were assessed. Nasal mucosae from each group were used for reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and histological analyses were conducted. 결과:Both immunotherapy reduced nasal symptoms, suppressed allergic inflammation, and decreased the levels of IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13 in the NLF and BALF. Serum specific IgE was significantly higher in group 3, whereas specific IgA was significantly higher in group 4 compared to group 2. Histopathological analysis revealed a reduction in the number of eosinophils and goblet cells in the nasal mucosa of the group 3 compared to the group 2. RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the downregulation of genes and proteins associated with allergic inflammation in group 3 and the group 4. 결론:Early immunotherapy before sensitizing AR mice showed attenuated nasal symptoms and improved histopathological findings and cytokine profiles compared with the untreated AR mice.