목적: Evidence is accumulating that Staphylococcus aureus plays an important role as a disease modifier in upper and lower airway disease. This study aimed to investigate disparities in sensitization to staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin A/B (SEA/SEB) and olfactory function between patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), those with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), and those underwent only septoplasty being healthy controls. 방법:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 388 subjects aged 8 years or older between January 2021 and June 2023 and analysed symptom scores, computed tomography scores, serum IgE levels to SEs, serum total and specific IgE levels to inhalant allergens. We also analysed olfactory function tests as well as taste function test in patients with CRSwNP, CRSsNP, and controls to evaluate how much olfactory function relates to sensitization to SEs. 결과:Of the 388 patients enrolled, 145 (37.4%) were healthy controls, 111 (28.6%) had CRSsNP, and 132 (34.0%) had CRSwNP. In terms of olfactory test results, there was a significant difference among the groups; anosmia was observed in 8.3% of healthy controls, 23.4% of CRSsNP patients, and 44.7% of CRSwNP patients (p=0.000). Olfactory threshold deterioration was evident in patients with CRS, including both CRSwNP (p=0.000) and CRSsNP (p=0.008). Additionally, discrimination and identification were impaired in patients with CRSwNP (p=0.000) compared to the other groups (CRSsNP and healty controls). The taste function test results showed no significant difference between the respective groups (p=0.250). Among patients with CRSwNP, the prevalence of SEA/SEB positivity was significantly higher (16.7%) compared to both CRSsNP (9.9%) and the control group (7.6%) (p=0.050). The olfactory function test revealed a significant difference between the SEA/SEB positive group and the negative group (p=0.044). Anosmia was observed in 23.3% of the SEA/SEB negative group and 38.6% of the SEA/SEB positive group. The taste function test results showed no significant differences between the SEA/SEB positive group and the negative group (p=0.190). 결론:Olfactory threshold deterioration was observed in both CRS subtypes, indicating a generalized impairment in olfactory function among patients with CRS. Furthermore, individuals with CRSwNP exhibited greater difficulties in discrimination and identification compared to the other groups, highlighting the severity of olfactory dysfunction in CRSwNP. We also observed a high prevalence of anosmia in staphylococcal enterotoxin positivity, underscoring the role of staphylococcal enterotoxin in olfactory dysfunction among patients with CRS. The findings of this study emphasize the significance of staphylococcal enterotoxins in CRSwNP, particularly with a high prevalence of anosmia.