목적: This study aimed to evaluate the association between hearing aid use and the incidence of depression or anxiety in patients with hearing loss. 방법:In this population-based cohort study, we assessed hearing loss individuals aged 40 to 69 years who adopted hearing aids between 2007 and 2012. A control group without hearing loss during the same period was established. A total of 21,469 hearing aid users, 11,136 hearing aid non-users with hearing loss, and 732,698 controls were included in the study. They were followed for the development of depression and anxiety until 2022. 결과:Both hearing aid users and non-users had significantly higher rates of depression and anxiety compared to controls. When analyzing the incidence rates based on the severity of hearing disability, for individuals with bilateral hearing loss of 60 dB or more, hearing aid non-users had a significantly higher incidence of depression compared to hearing aid users. However, for asymmetric hearing loss (≥ 40 dB on one side and ≥ 80 dB on the other), there was no significant difference in the incidence of depression between the two groups. For anxiety, non-users had significantly higher rates than users in the group with bilateral hearing loss of 60-89 dB, but no significant difference was observed in the groups with bilateral hearing loss ≥ 90 dB or asymmetric hearing loss. 결론:Individuals with hearing loss showed a higher incidence of depression and anxiety compared to those with normal hearing. However, hearing aid use may contribute to some reduction in depression and anxiety in individuals with bilateral hearing loss. These findings highlight the need for comprehensive mental health support for individuals with hearing loss and the importance of auditory rehabilitation.