목적: There is limited research on the relationship between hearing loss and psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of auditory rehabilitation methods on the development of anxiety and depression in patients with severe to profound hearing loss. 방법:Utilizing nationwide population data from South Korea, we identified individuals with severe to profound hearing loss. In this hearing loss cohort, individuals aged 40 to 69 years from 2007 to 2012 were categorized into three groups according to the type of auditory rehabilitation; Cochlear Implant (CI), Hearing Aid (HA), and No Rehabilitation (NR) groups. A control group consisted of individuals without hearing loss. The incidence of anxiety and depression was followed up to 2022. 결과:The study involved 405 individuals in the CI group, 13,855 in the HA group, 4,805 in the NR group, and 732,698 in the control group. The risk of anxiety was significantly higher in all three hearing loss groups compared to the control group. However, the HA and NR groups had a significantly higher risk of depression compared to the control group, while the CI group did not show a significant difference in the incidence of depression compared to the control group. The highest risk of depression was observed in the NR group. 결론:Our results suggest that, although auditory rehabilitation does not reduce anxiety in patients with severe to profound hearing loss, cochlear implantation may be more effective in reducing the risk of depression than using hearing aids or no auditory rehabilitation. The risk of depression in the cochlear implant group was similar to the control group, highlighting the potential mental health benefits of cochlear implantation.