목적: To evaluate the effect of vitamin D supplementation on the recurrence rate of benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV). 방법:A single-center, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted between November 2018 and May 2020. After successful treatment with Canalith repositioning maneuvers, patients diagnosed with BPPV were randomized to either the vitamin D (n = 20) or placebo (n = 18) group. Only patients with serum vitamin D levels <20 ng/mL were included. The vitamin D group received 7,000 IU of vitamin D weekly for a year, while the placebo group received a matching placebo drug. The final endpoint was the BPPV recurrence rate and correlation with serum vitamin D levels after 6 and 12 months in both groups. 결과:Among 38 patients, 37 were followed up for 6 months and 30 for 12 months. At the 6-month follow-up, the vitamin D group had a significantly higher serum vitamin D level than the placebo group (28.2 ± 6.5 ng/mL vs 12.0 ± 4.8 ng/mL, p<0.001). This was also true after 1 year (29.4 ± 10.9 ng/mL vs 13.8 ± 3.7 ng/mL, p<0.001). The recurrence rate was lower in the vitamin D group than in the placebo group after 6 months (5.0% vs. 28.7%, p=0.044) and 1 year (3.3% vs. 41.7%, p=0.008). 결론:Vitamin D supplementation, in the absence of calcium, may be beneficial for patients prone to recurrent BPPV episodes, particularly when serum vitamin D levels are suboptimal.