목적: Th2 cytokines, such as IL-4 or IL-13, are involved in allergic inflammation, which impacts epithelial cell populations and their phenotypes. The bronchial mucosa of allergic respiratory patients also exhibits significant levels of IL-5 expression. IL-5 regulates eosinophil stimulation, migration, maturation, and survival by binding the alpha chain of its receptor(IL-5R). Therefore IL-5 has been a therapeutic target for allergy and eosinophilic diseases. IL-5R has been known that it is expressed in eosinophils, basophils and epithelial cells. Our goal was to investigate the expression of IL-5R in different types of cells and its characteristics during allergic inflammation. 방법:We performed scRNAseq in cultured primary human nasal epithelial(HNE) cells and ex vivo nasal epithelium. The transcriptomic features in individual epithelial cells were also determined under IL-4 stimulation. Immunofluorescence(IF) staining was performed with anti-IL-5R, anti- acetylated tubulin(ciliated cell marker), anti-MUC5AC(goblet cell), and anti-KRT5,13 (basal cell) in human eosinophilic nasal polyp tissue and eosinophilic-CRS(ECRS) mouse model. We prepared ECRS mouse models with HDM extract, Aspergilus fumigatus, Alternaria alternate, and protease from S aureus by intranasal instillation for 3 months. 결과:We confirmed that ciliated epithelial cells expressed IL-5R more highly than other cell types using scRNAseq. When HNE cells fully differentiated after 2 weeks of air-liquid interface (ALI) culture, IL- 5R mRNA levels were significantly higher than when they were cultured without ALI. The IL-5R mRNA level was significantly decreased in ALI- cultured HNE cells after treatment with IL-4 for 7 days. This means that IL-5R expression decreases when ciliated cells are changed into goblet cell hyperplasia. Using IF, IL-5R was co-localized in tubulin-positive ciliated cells, but not in MUC5AC-positive goblet cells in human nasal tissue and mouse nasal tissue. 결론:As a result, the amount of ciliated or goblet cells in the epithelium can affect the expression of IL-5R. The expression of IL-5R is decreased in epithelial cells when goblet cell hyperplasia is noted even in the nasal tissues of patients with ECRS. In spite of this, IL- 5R expression persists even in ECRS nasal tissues when ciliated cells dominate. Therefore, blocking the IL-5R may have a different therapeutic efficacy depending on its status.