목적: Treatment of partial tracheal defects is challenging. In the previous study, we reported development of triple-layered polyurethane prosthesis with wrinkles which was proven to have biocompatibility and proper stiffness and which could be completely integrated with host trachea. However, the limitation of formerly developed prosthesis was that it is difficult to make the prosthesis in desired structure since it requires molds. The purpose of this study was to develop customized artificial tracheal scaffolds for reconstruction of partial tracheal defects by using three-dimensional printing (3DP). 방법:Polyurethane scaffolds were manufactured by 3DP. The 200μm strands were printed according to the computer aided design model (CAD model) like lattice structure. The gap between the strands was 200μm. The 2x2x0.18cm-sized, half-pipe tracheal prosthesis was made with one-hundred layers in 6 hours and 40 minutes. Thirty-two male New Zealand rabbits, weighing 2.5-2.7kg, were used for animal experiment. The scaffolds were implanted on 7x10mm-sized tracheal windows with nylon 5-0. Endoscopic exams on 1,4,8,12 and 16 weeks after transplantation were performed. And histologic exam was performed to investigate regeneration of respiratory epithelium and submucosal structures on 4,8,12 and 16 weeks after transplantation. Mechanical and functional evaluations were also performed in same period. 결과:The printed scaffold had higher tensile strength than the normal trachea. All rabbits survived until planed examination date and showed no respiratory distress sign. Results of the endoscopic exams demonstrated that the coverage of inner surface of the prosthesis was started at 4weeks. Histologic findings showed that regenerated inner epithelia were composed of ciliated cuboid cells and underlying loose connective tissues at 8 weeks and ciliary beat was noted after 8weeks specimen. 결론:Three-dimensionally printed polyurethane scaffolds can be used for repairing partial tracheal defects.